Europe's Seas Hit Record Summer Heat as Kelp Forests Vanish and Octopus Numbers Surge

European waters have recorded their hottest summer on record, with marine heatwaves disrupting ecosystems from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean. Kelp forests off northern Spain are in sharp decline, octopus populations are booming in southern England, and non-native species are spreading across the Mediterranean, altering food chains and fishing economies.

This item was produced with AI assistance under the editorial responsibility of Haydamax OÜ.